The Bible is rich with figures of speech like 

Metaphor ("I am the living bread," John 6:51), Simile ("like a tree planted by streams of water," Psalm 1:3), and Personification ("the voice of thy brother's blood crieth," Genesis 4:10). Other common examples include Hyperbole ("cities…walled up to heaven," Deuteronomy 1:28), Metonymy (using "heart" for affections in Matthew 6:21), Euphemism ("fallen asleep" for died, John 11:11), and Irony ("doubtless you are the people," Job 12:2). 

Here are some key examples by type:

• Metaphor (Comparison without "like" or "as"):
  • "I am the vine; you are the branches." (John 15:5)
  • "The Lamb of God." (John 1:29)
  • "The Bread of Life." (John 6:35)
• Simile (Comparison using "like" or "as"):
  • "Husbands, love your wives, just as Christ loved the church." (Ephesians 5:25)
  • "They were swifter than eagles, stronger than lions." (2 Samuel 1:23)
• Personification (Giving human qualities to non-humans):
  • "The voice of thy brother's blood crieth unto me from the ground." (Genesis 4:10)
  • "If these should keep silent, the stones would immediately cry out." (Luke 19:40)
• Hyperbole (Exaggeration for emphasis):
  • "The cities are great, and walled up to heaven." (Deuteronomy 1:28)
• Metonymy (Substituting a related word):
  • "Where your treasure is, there will your heart be also." (Matthew 6:21)
  • "The tongue of the righteous is choice silver." (Proverbs 10:20)
• Euphemism (Mild expression for harsh ones):
  • "Our friend Lazarus has fallen asleep." (John 11:11)
  • "You, however, will go to your fathers (die) in peace." (Genesis 15:15)
• Irony (Saying the opposite of what's meant):
  • "Doubtless you are the people, and wisdom will die with you." (Job 12:2)
• Synecdoche (Part for whole or whole for part):
  • "Preach the gospel to every creature" (meaning all people) (Mark 16:15 KJV)
• Epizeuxis (Immediate repetition of a word):
  • "Holy, holy, holy is the Lord Almighty." (Isaiah 6:3)
• Anthropomorphism (Describing God in human terms):
  • "The hand of the LORD was upon me." (Ezekiel 3:14)