Verses often cited as teaching violence against "infidels":
- Quran 2:191: This verse calls to "kill them wherever you find them," but the preceding verse (2:190) limits fighting to those who initiate hostilities.
- Quran 4:89: This verse addresses apostates who become hostile and mentions dealing with those with whom treaties exist.
- Quran 9:5: Known as the "Sword Verse," this verse instructs to "slay the idolaters wherever you find them".
- Many interpret this as specific to Meccan polytheists who broke treaties and persecuted Muslims, with verse 9:6 offering a path to peace.
- Quran 47:4: This verse instructs to "strike at their necks" when meeting disbelievers in a fight. Its context is a battle situation, outlining wartime directives and rules for prisoners.
Interpretations and Counter-Verses
Interpretations of these verses are debated, with many arguing for a holistic reading of the Quran, including verses emphasizing peace, justice, and self-defense.
- Fighting is often interpreted as permissible only for self-defense or in response to aggression.
- Verses like Quran 2:190 and 8:61 prohibit aggression and encourage peace if the enemy does.
- Other verses, such as 2:256 ("There shall be no compulsion in [acceptance of] the religion") and 60:8, are cited to highlight the Quran's emphasis on tolerance.




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