The Middle East has witnessed a succession of major empires throughout history, with notable periods including ancient civilizations like the
Sumerian/ Mesopatamia (4000-3500 BCE)
Akkadian Empire (c. 2334-2154 BCE)
Babylonian Empire (c. 1894-539 BCE)
Persian Empire (c. 550-330 BCE)
Hellenistic empires (c. 323-64 BCE)
Roman Empire (c. 88 BCE-330 CE)
Byzantine Empire (c. 330-1453 CE)
Sasanian Empire (c. 224-651 CE)
Islamic Caliphates (c. 632-1922 CE)
Ancient Middle East (c. 3000-2000 BCE):
- Ebla: Eblaite Kingdom (c. 3000-2000 BCE)
- Akkadian Empire: Sargon the Great founded this empire (c. 2334-2154 BCE)
- Third Dynasty of Ur: Ur-Nammu founded this dynasty (c. 2112-2004 BCE)
1800-1200 BCE:
- Babylonian Empire: The Old Babylonian Empire was founded by Hammurabi (c. 1894-1595 BCE)
- Mitanni: A powerful empire in northern Mesopotamia (c. 1500-1350 BCE)
- Egyptian Empire: The Egyptian Empire reached its peak during this period (c. 1550-1070 BCE)
- Hittite Empire: A powerful empire in Anatolia (c. 1600-1190 BCE)
1200 BCE - 1100 BCE:
- Elamite Empire: A major power in southwestern Iran (c. 1200-1100 BCE)
1000 BCE - 550 BCE:
- Neo-Assyrian Empire: A powerful empire in Mesopotamia (c. 911-605 BCE)
- Phoenician Maritime Empire: Phoenician city-states controlled trade routes (c. 1000-539 BCE)
- Median Empire: A predecessor to the Persian Empire (c. 670-550 BCE)
- Chaldean Empire: Also known as the Neo-Babylonian Empire (c. 626-539 BCE)
- Lydian Empire: Ruled Anatolia (c. 680-546 BCE)
550 BCE - 330 BCE:
- Persian Empire (Achaemenid Empire): Founded by Cyrus the Great (c. 550-330 BCE)
323 BCE - 64 BCE:
- Hellenistic Empires: Seleucid Empire and Ptolemaic Empire (c. 323-64 BCE)
88 BCE - 330 CE:
- Armenian Empire: An independent Armenian kingdom (c. 88 BCE-330 CE)
- Roman Empire: Expanded into the Middle East (c. 88 BCE-330 CE)
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