Thursday, April 10, 2025

ANCIENT KINGDOMS OF THE MIDDLE EAST

 







The Middle East has witnessed a succession of major empires throughout history, with notable periods including ancient civilizations like the 

Sumerian/ Mesopatamia (4000-3500 BCE)

Akkadian Empire (c. 2334-2154 BCE)

Babylonian Empire (c. 1894-539 BCE)

Persian Empire (c. 550-330 BCE)

Hellenistic empires (c. 323-64 BCE)

Roman Empire (c. 88 BCE-330 CE) 

Byzantine Empire (c. 330-1453 CE) 

Sasanian Empire (c. 224-651 CE)

Islamic Caliphates (c. 632-1922 CE) 


Ancient Middle East (c. 3000-2000 BCE):


1800-1200 BCE:

  • Babylonian Empire: The Old Babylonian Empire was founded by Hammurabi (c. 1894-1595 BCE)
  • Mitanni: A powerful empire in northern Mesopotamia (c. 1500-1350 BCE)
  • Egyptian Empire: The Egyptian Empire reached its peak during this period (c. 1550-1070 BCE)
  • Hittite Empire: A powerful empire in Anatolia (c. 1600-1190 BCE)


1200 BCE - 1100 BCE:

  • Elamite Empire: A major power in southwestern Iran (c. 1200-1100 BCE)


1000 BCE - 550 BCE:

  • Neo-Assyrian Empire: A powerful empire in Mesopotamia (c. 911-605 BCE)
  • Phoenician Maritime Empire: Phoenician city-states controlled trade routes (c. 1000-539 BCE)
  • Median Empire: A predecessor to the Persian Empire (c. 670-550 BCE)
  • Chaldean Empire: Also known as the Neo-Babylonian Empire (c. 626-539 BCE)
  • Lydian Empire: Ruled Anatolia (c. 680-546 BCE)


550 BCE - 330 BCE:

  • Persian Empire (Achaemenid Empire): Founded by Cyrus the Great (c. 550-330 BCE)


323 BCE - 64 BCE:

  • Hellenistic Empires: Seleucid Empire and Ptolemaic Empire (c. 323-64 BCE)


88 BCE - 330 CE:

  • Armenian Empire: An independent Armenian kingdom (c. 88 BCE-330 CE)
  • Roman Empire: Expanded into the Middle East (c. 88 BCE-330 CE) 



 




























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