The Definitive Treaty of Peace 1783

 

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The Definitive Treaty of Peace 1783

In the Name of the most Holy & undivided Trinity.

It having pleased the Divine Providence to dispose the Hearts of the most Serene and most Potent Prince George the Third, by the Grace of God, King of Great Britain, France, and Ireland, Defender of the Faith, Duke of Brunswick and Lunebourg, Arch- Treasurer and Prince Elector of the Holy Roman Empire etc.. and of the United States of America, to forget all past Misunderstandings and Differences that have unhappily interrupted the good Correspondence and Friendship which they mutually wish to restore; and to establish such a beneficial and satisfactory Intercourse between the two countries upon the ground of reciprocal Advantages and mutual Convenience as may promote and secure to both perpetual Peace and Harmony; and having for this desirable End already laid the Foundation of Peace & Reconciliation by the Provisional Articles signed at Paris on the 30th of November 1782, by the Commissioners empowered on each Part, which Articles were agreed to be inserted in and constitute the Treaty of Peace proposed to be concluded between the Crown of Great Britain and the said United States, but which Treaty was not to be concluded until Terms of Peace should be agreed upon between Great Britain & France, and his Britannic Majesty should be ready to conclude such Treaty accordingly: and the treaty between Great Britain & France having since been concluded, his Britannic Majesty & the United States of America, in Order to carry into full Effect the Provisional Articles above mentioned, according to the Tenor thereof, have constituted & appointed, that is to say his Britannic Majesty on his Part, David Hartley, Esqr., Member of the Parliament of Great Britain, and the said United States on their Part, - stop point - John Adams, Esqr., late a Commissioner of the United States of America at the Court of Versailles, late Delegate in Congress from the State of Massachusetts, and Chief Justice of the said State, and Minister Plenipotentiary of the said United States to their High Mightinesses the States General of the United Netherlands; - stop point - Benjamin Franklin, Esqr., late Delegate in Congress from the State of Pennsylvania, President of the Convention of the said State, and Minister Plenipotentiary from the United States of America at the Court of Versailles; John Jay, Esqr., late President of Congress and Chief Justice of the state of New York, and Minister Plenipotentiary from the said United States at the Court of Madrid; to be Plenipotentiaries for the concluding and signing the Present Definitive Treaty; who after having reciprocally communicated their respective full Powers have agreed upon and confirmed the following Articles.

Article 1st:
His Britannic Majesty acknowledges the said United States, viz., New Hampshire, Massachusetts Bay, Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina and Georgia, to be free sovereign and Independent States; that he treats with them as such, and for himself his Heirs & Successors, relinquishes all claims to the Government, Propriety, and Territorial Rights of the same and every Part thereof.

Article 2d:
And that all Disputes which might arise in future on the subject of the Boundaries of the said United States may be prevented, it is hereby agreed and declared, that the following are and shall be their Boundaries, viz.; from the Northwest Angle of Nova Scotia, viz., that Angle which is formed by a Line drawn due North from the Source of St. Croix River to the Highlands; along the said Highlands which divide those Rivers that empty themselves into the river St. Lawrence, from those which fall into the Atlantic Ocean, to the northwesternmost Head of Connecticut River; Thence down along the middle of that River to the forty-fifth Degree of North Latitude; From thence by a Line due West on said Latitude until it strikes the River Iroquois or Cataraquy; Thence along the middle of said River into Lake Ontario; through the Middle of said Lake until it strikes the Communication by Water between that Lake & Lake Erie; Thence along the middle of said Communication into Lake Erie, through the middle of said Lake until it arrives at the Water Communication between that lake & Lake Huron; Thence along the middle of said Water Communication into the Lake Huron, thence through the middle of said Lake to the Water Communication between that Lake and Lake Superior; thence through Lake Superior Northward of the Isles Royal & Phelipeaux to the Long Lake; Thence through the middle of said Long Lake and the Water Communication between it & the Lake of the Woods, to the said Lake of the Woods; Thence through the said Lake to the most Northwestern Point thereof, and from thence on a due West Course to the river Mississippi; Thence by a Line to be drawn along the Middle of the said river Mississippi until it shall intersect the Northernmost Part of the thirty-first Degree of North Latitude, South, by a Line to be drawn due East from the Determination of the Line last mentioned in the Latitude of thirty-one Degrees of the Equator to the middle of the River Apalachicola or Catahouche; Thence along the middle thereof to its junction with the Flint River; Thence straight to the Head of Saint Mary's River, and thence down along the middle of Saint Mary's River to the Atlantic Ocean.  East, by a Line to be drawn along the Middle of the river Saint Croix, from its Mouth in the Bay of Fundy to its Source, and from its Source directly North to the aforesaid Highlands, which divide the Rivers that fall into the Atlantic Ocean from those which fall into the river Saint Lawrence; comprehending all Islands within twenty Leagues of any Part of the Shores of the United States, and lying between Lines to be drawn due East from the Points where the aforesaid Boundaries between Nova Scotia on the one Part and East Florida on the other shall, respectively, touch the Bay of Fundy and the Atlantic Ocean, excepting such Islands as now are or heretofore have been within the limits of the said Province of Nova Scotia.

Article 3d:
It is agreed that the People of the United States shall continue to enjoy unmolested the Right to take Fish of every kind on the Grand Bank and on all the other Banks of Newfoundland, also in the Gulf of Saint Lawrence and at all other Places in the Sea, where the Inhabitants of both Countries used at any time heretofore to fish. And also that the Inhabitants of the United States shall have Liberty to take Fish of every Kind on such Part of the Coast of Newfoundland as British Fishermen shall use, (but not to dry or cure the same on that Island) And also on the Coasts, Bays & Creeks of all other of his Britannic Majesty's Dominions in America; and that the American Fishermen shall have Liberty to dry and cure Fish in any of the unsettled Bays, Harbors, and Creeks of Nova Scotia, Magdalen Islands, and Labrador, so long as the same shall remain unsettled, but so soon as the same or either of them shall be settled, it shall not be lawful for the said Fishermen to dry or cure Fish at such Settlement without a previous Agreement for that purpose with the Inhabitants, Proprietors, or Possessors of the Ground.

Article 4th:
It is agreed that Creditors on either Side shall meet with no lawful Impediment to the Recovery of the full Value in Sterling Money of all bona fide Debts heretofore contracted.

Article 5th:
It is agreed that Congress shall earnestly recommend it to the Legislatures of the respective States to provide for the Restitution of all Estates, Rights, and Properties, which have been confiscated belonging to real British Subjects; and also of the Estates, Rights, and Properties of Persons resident in Districts in the Possession on his Majesty's Arms and who have not borne Arms against the said United States. And that Persons of any other Description shall have free Liberty to go to any Part or Parts of any of the thirteen United States and therein to remain twelve Months unmolested in their Endeavors to obtain the Restitution of such of their Estates – Rights & Properties as may have been confiscated. And that Congress shall also earnestly recommend to the several States a Reconsideration and Revision of all Acts or Laws regarding the Premises, so as to render the said Laws or Acts perfectly consistent not only with Justice and Equity but with that Spirit of Conciliation which on the Return of the Blessings of Peace should universally prevail. And that Congress shall also earnestly recommend to the several States that the Estates, Rights, and Properties of such last mentioned Persons shall be restored to them, they refunding to any Persons who may be now in Possession the Bona fide Price (where any has been given) which such Persons may have paid on purchasing any of the said Lands, Rights, or Properties since the Confiscation.

And it is agreed that all Persons who have any Interest in confiscated Lands, either by Debts, Marriage Settlements, or otherwise, shall meet with no lawful Impediment in the Prosecution of their just Rights.

Article 6th:
That there shall be no future Confiscations made nor any Prosecutions commenced against any Person or Persons for, or by Reason of the Part, which he or they may have taken in the present War, and that no Person shall on that Account suffer any future Loss or Damage, either in his Person, Liberty, or Property; and that those who may be in Confinement on such Charges at the Time of the Ratification of the Treaty in America shall be immediately set at Liberty, and the Prosecutions so commenced be discontinued.

Article 7th:
There shall be a firm and perpetual Peace between his Britannic Majesty and the said States, and between the Subjects of the one and the Citizens of the other, wherefore all Hostilities both by Sea and Land shall from henceforth cease:  All prisoners on both Sides shall be set at Liberty, and his Britannic Majesty shall with all convenient speed, and without causing any Destruction, or carrying away any Negroes or other Property of the American inhabitants, withdraw all his Armies, Garrisons & Fleets from the said United States, and from every Post, Place and Harbour within the same; leaving in all Fortifications, the American Artillery that may be therein: And shall also Order & cause all Archives, Records, Deeds & Papers belonging to any of the said States, or their Citizens, which in the Course of the War may have fallen into the hands of his Officers, to be forthwith restored and delivered to the proper States and Persons to whom they belong.

Article 8th:
The Navigation of the river Mississippi, from its source to the Ocean, shall forever remain free and open to the Subjects of Great Britain and the Citizens of the United States.

Article 9th:
In case it should so happen that any Place or Territory belonging to great Britain or to the United States should have been conquered by the Arms of either from the other before the Arrival of the said Provisional Articles in America, it is agreed that the same shall be restored without Difficulty and without requiring any Compensation.

Article 10th:
The solemn Ratifications of the present Treaty expedited in good & due Form shall be exchanged between the contracting Parties in the Space of Six Months or sooner if possible to be computed from the Day of the Signature of the present Treaty.  In witness whereof we the undersigned their Ministers Plenipotentiary have in their Name and in Virtue of our Full Powers, signed with our Hands the present Definitive Treaty, and caused the Seals of our Arms to be affixed thereto.

Done at Paris, this third day of September in the year of our Lord, one thousand seven hundred and eighty-three.

D HARTLEY (SEAL)
JOHN ADAMS (SEAL)
B FRANKLIN (SEAL)
JOHN JAY (SEAL

Magnetic & Non-magnetic

 

Only three pure metals are strongly magnetic at room temperature: iron, nickel, and cobalt. 

Here is a breakdown of magnetic metals, alloys, and how magnetism works.

Ferromagnetic Metals (Strongly Magnetic)

These metals are permanently magnetic and stick strongly to magnets. [1, 2, 3]

• Iron: The most common magnetic metal.
• Nickel: Highly magnetic, often used in coins and plating.
• Cobalt: Maintains magnetism at very high temperatures.
• Gadolinium: Magnetic only when cooled below 68°F (20°C). [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

Magnetic Alloys (Metal Mixtures)

Some mixtures containing the metals above are also magnetic. [1, 2]

• Steel: Magnetic because it is made mostly of iron.
• Alnico: A strong permanent magnet made of aluminum, nickel, and cobalt.
• Neodymium: A mixture of neodymium, iron, and boron that makes the strongest permanent magnets available. [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

Non-Magnetic Metals

These common metals do not stick to everyday magnets. [1, 2, 3, 4]

• Aluminum
• Copper
• Gold
• Silver
• Lead
• Brass & Bronze

The Stainless Steel Exception

Some types of stainless steel are magnetic, while others are not. [1, 2, 3]

• Ferritic/Martensitic stainless steel contains high amounts of iron and is magnetic.
• Austenitic stainless steel contains chromium and nickel, which alters its structure and makes it non-magnetic. [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

To help narrow this down, let me know if you are testing a specific object, trying to build a magnet, or sorting scrap metal.

Catholic Jesuit Priest George Lemaitre Invents BIG BANG THEORY!!!

ROMAN CATHOLICISM IS REALLY ANCIENT PAGAN SUN WORSHIP IN DISGUISE AS CHRISTIANITY! https://tueseahkiong.blogspot.com/2024/09/roman-catholicism-is-really-ancient.html

 

GENTILE does NOT mean NON-ISRAELITE. It Simply means NATION(s) by Ken Attwood

 

The word “Gentiles” is not an ethnicity. It is a translation of the Hebrew goyim and Greek ethnē, both of which simply mean nations. Context determines which nations are being discussed.

In the Old Testament, Israel itself is called a nation (Exodus 19:6), while other nations are also called nations. The word itself never automatically means “non-Israelite.”

By the New Testament period, many Israelites had been scattered among the nations through the Assyrian and Babylonian exiles. They lived as Greeks and among the nations (John 7:35; James 1:1; 1 Peter 1:1). So when you see “Gentiles” or “Greeks,” you cannot simply assume the text is talking about non-Israelites.

The question should never be, “Does it say Gentiles?” The question is, “Which Gentiles is the author talking about in this context?”

Who THE HECK were THE GENTILES that Paul turned to and spoke to in Synagogues???  https://tueseahkiong.blogspot.com/2026/05/who-heck-were-gentiles-that-paul-was.html

14th AMENDMENT

The historical context of the 13th, 14th and 15th Amendments were DEMOCRATS wanted their black slaves and started The Civil War 1861-1865.  They loss!

13th Amendment 1865 - FREED SLAVES

14th Amendment 1868 - Gave freed slaves CITIZENSHIP 

15th Amendment 1870 - Gave freed slaves & citizens THE VOTE

AMENDMENT XIV

Section 1.
All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside. No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.

Section 2.
Representatives shall be apportioned among the several States according to their respective numbers, counting the whole number of persons in each State, excluding Indians not taxed. But when the right to vote at any election for the choice of electors for President and Vice-President of the United States, Representatives in Congress, the Executive and Judicial officers of a State, or the members of the Legislature thereof, is denied to any of the male inhabitants of such State, being twenty-one years of age, and citizens of the United States, or in any way abridged, except for participation in rebellion, or other crime, the basis of representation therein shall be reduced in the proportion which the number of such male citizens shall bear to the whole number of male citizens twenty-one years of age in such State.

Section 3.
No person shall be a Senator or Representative in Congress, or elector of President and Vice-President, or hold any office, civil or military, under the United States, or under any State, who, having previously taken an oath, as a member of Congress, or as an officer of the United States, or as a member of any State legislature, or as an executive or judicial officer of any State, to support the Constitution of the United States, shall have engaged in insurrection or rebellion against the same, or given aid or comfort to the enemies thereof. But Congress may by a vote of two-thirds of each House, remove such disability.

Section 4.
The validity of the public debt of the United States, authorized by law, including debts incurred for payment of pensions and bounties for services in suppressing insurrection or rebellion, shall not be questioned. But neither the United States nor any State shall assume or pay any debt or obligation incurred in aid of insurrection or rebellion against the United States, or any claim for the loss or emancipation of any slave; but all such debts, obligations and claims shall be held illegal and void.

Section 5.
The Congress shall have power to enforce, by appropriate legislation, the provisions of this article.

***The 14A was NOT to reward INVADERS who give birth in the USA from 1870 forward!  HOW RETARDED!!! 

It was for the Blacks just FREED from Democrat Slavery Party, who just became Americans or American "citizens" after the most deadliness American WAR!

*There's an even DEEPER ENSLAVEMENT in the JURISDICTIONS mentioned. 

Two Thousand Years of Error Deserve 25 Years of Correction by Michael Bradley

 

If the “church” has spent nearly two thousand years developing an incomplete understanding of the New Testament, then twenty-five years spent carefully re-examining that tradition is not an excessive investment—it is a modest beginning.

New ideas rarely gain acceptance overnight, especially when they challenge assumptions that have been embedded in scholarship and tradition for nearly two millennia. Whether the covenantal-inclusion model of IO is ultimately accepted is not what motivates me.

My responsibility is simply to follow the evidence where I believe it leads, even if that places me in a very small minority and even if the view receives little recognition during my lifetime.

One of the reasons I developed the covenantal-inclusion model of IO is because I became convinced that earlier iterations of IO left significant historical and exegetical questions unanswered and often relied on inference rather than on what the biblical text actually says. Rather than defending a position simply because I had inherited it, I chose to re-examine the evidence. That process required abandoning conclusions I had previously held and allowing the biblical text, Second Temple history, and relevant scholarship to reshape my understanding.

The covenantal-inclusion model is built differently from earlier versions of IO. Instead of beginning with conclusions that most scholars reject outright, it begins with propositions that many scholars already accept: the covenantal structure of Israel’s story, the role of proselytes and God-fearers, the importance of synagogue networks, the Second Temple context of the New Testament, and the historical realities of first-century Judaism. From that common ground, the model argues toward conclusions that challenge traditional assumptions about the scope and purpose of the New Testament.

I believe this is the most promising path toward meaningful engagement with scholarship. Rather than asking scholars to embrace an entire system all at once, the model begins where agreement already exists and then asks whether those accepted historical and textual realities naturally lead to conclusions that have not yet been fully considered.

That approach does not guarantee acceptance, but it creates the possibility of genuine dialogue. Academic progress is rarely achieved by asking people to abandon everything they know at once. More often, it comes through demonstrating that accepted evidence points toward conclusions that deserve fresh consideration.

By comparison, I think we can all acknowledge that the earliest bloodline-only expressions of IO never gained meaningful traction. Under RiversOfEden (Chris Camillo) and Corey Schultz, the movement remained largely undeveloped and unknown. Later, its most visible public advocate became Jason DeCosta, an incorrigibly toxic individual whose confrontational style made productive engagement with scholars virtually impossible. Whatever one thinks of the underlying ideas, those interactions produced little meaningful academic discussion.

The covenantal-inclusion model of IO seeks a different path. Rather than defining itself by opposition to scholarship, it attempts to build upon those areas where scholarship and the biblical evidence already agree before addressing the points of disagreement.

For that reason, I expect this work to remain a project that endures for the rest of my life, probably around twenty-five more years. I anticipate continually revising Concealed in Covenant: The Case for Israel-Only—refining arguments, incorporating new research, engaging additional scholarship, correcting weaknesses, and strengthening the overall case wherever possible.

Whether the covenantal-inclusion model OF IO ultimately succeeds will not be determined by popularity, social media debates, or disagreements within the IO community. It will be determined by whether its arguments withstand careful historical, textual, and scholarly scrutiny. That is the standard I hope my work will continue to meet.

I have also begun work on a second book related to IO. It’s approximately sixty percent complete, although its central thesis will remain undisclosed until publication is much closer.

If these books prove persuasive, they will endure because they explain the evidence more convincingly than competing models. If they do not, they deserve to be revised—or abandoned altogether. That is how genuine inquiry advances, and it is the standard I intend to apply to my own work. #ThisIsIO

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